Microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) has been recognized for more than a century, yet its contribution to failures and accidents in the process industry remains underestimated. Anaerobic microorganisms—particularly sulfate‑reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea—can significantly accelerate the deterioration of metallic materials, especially in environments where biofilms thrive. Understanding the extent and conditions under which MIC occurs is essential for improving industrial safety and preventing costly failures.